Publications

Below you will find a selected list of Life Cycle Associates' publications. For copies of papers or further information, please contact us.

Unnasch, S. et al. (2023).  DesertXpress High Speed Rail EER. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.8144.211.2023, prepared for DesertXpress Enterprises, LLC.

Dailey, K. and S. Unnasch (2023). High in the Sky with Low CI Hydrogen. Fuel Cell Seminar, Long Beach, CA.

Unnasch, S. and L. Goyal (2022). Well to Plug GHG Emissions for Electric Power Generation – Washington Electricity Mix.  Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.6207.230.2022, prepared under Washington Ecology Contract C2200132.

Unnasch, S. (2022). Review of GHG Emissions of Corn Ethanol under the EPA RFS2. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.8120.200.2022, prepared for Growth Energy.

Unnasch, S. (2019). GHG Emissions Reductions due to the RFS2: A 2018 Update. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.6145.199.2019, prepared for the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA).

Karlen, D. L., M. R. Schmer, S. Kaffka, D. E. Clay, M. Q. Wang, W. R. Horwath, A. Kendall, A. Keller, B. J. Pieper, S. Unnasch, T. Darlington, F. Vocasek, and A. G. Chute (2019). Unraveling Crop Residue Harvest Effects on Soil Organic Carbon. Agron. J. 111:93-98. doi:10.2134/agronj2018.03.0207

Vermerris, W., R. van Rijn, W. J. Sagues, I. U. Nieves, E. Castro, J. E. Erickson, … and L. O. Ingram (2018). Economic Opportunities for a Sweet Sorghum-Based Biorefinery in Florida. In 40th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. SIMB. 

Unnasch. S., et al. (2018). GHG Analysis of Kalama Manufacturing and Marine Export Facility. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.6132.185.2018, prepared for Northwest Innovation Works.

Unnasch. S., et al. (2018). PSE Tacoma LNG Project GHG Analysis. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.8117.194.2019, prepared under subcontract to Ecology and Environment for PSCAA.

Mueller, S., S. Unnasch, B. Keesom, S. Mohan and L. Goyal (2018). The Impact of Higher Ethanol Blend Levels on Vehicle Emissions in Five Global Cities. University of Illinois, Chicago Report, prepared for U.S. Grains Council.

Unnasch, S. and L. Goyal (2017). Life Cycle Analysis of LPG Transportation Fuels under the Californian LCFS. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.8103.177.2017, prepared for the Western Propane Gas Association.

Pont, J. and S. Unnasch (2017). Assessing Greenhouse Gas Emission and Petroleum Reduction Scenarios for the U.S. Transportation Sector Final. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.8087.150.2016, prepared for Fuel Freedom Foundation.

Henderson, A. and S. Unnasch (2017). Life Cycle Assessment of Ripple Non-Dairy Milk. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.6121.159.2017, prepared for Ripple Foods, Inc.

Mueller, S., S. Unnasch, W.E. Tyner, J. Pont, and J. Johnson (2015). Handling of co-products in life cycle analysis in an evolving co-product market: A case study with corn stover removal. Advances in Applied Agricultural Science, 3 (5).

Forman, G.S. and S. Unnasch (2015). Integration of Non-Fuel Coproducts into the GREET Model. Environ. Sci. Technol. DOI: 10.1021/es505994w. Epub 2015 February 24.

Pont, J., S. Unnasch, M. Lawrence and S. Williamson (2014). A Clean Fuel Standard in Washington State – Revised Analysis with Updated Assumptions. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA 8056.98.2014, prepared for Washington State Department of Ecology.

Unnasch, S., T. Darlington, J. Dumortier, W. Tyner, J. Pont and A. Broch (2014). CRC Report No. E-88-3. Study of Transportation Fuel Life Cycle Analysis: Review of Economic Models Used to Assess Land Use Effects. Prepared for Coordinating Research Council Project E-88-3.

Woertz, I.C., J.R. Benemann, N. Du, S. Unnasch, D. Mendola, B.G. Mitchell, and T.J. Lundquist (2014). Life Cycle GHG Emissions from Microalgal Biodiesel – a CA-GREET Model. Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Jun 3;48(11):6060-8. doi: 10.1021/es403768q. Epub 2014 May 19.

Boland, S. and S. Unnasch (2014). Carbon Intensity of Marginal Petroleum and Corn Ethanol Fuels.  Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.6075.83.2014, prepared for Renewable Fuels Association.

Broch, A. L., Hoekman, S.K. and S. Unnasch (2013). A review of variability in indirect land use change assessment and modeling in biofuel policy. Environ. Sci. & Policy, 29, 147-157.

Unnasch, S. et al. (2013). Review of Fuel Programs, Sustainability Frameworks, and Criteria. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.6049.25.2013, prepared for U.S. DOT/RITA/Volpe Center.

Unnasch, S. and B. Riffel (2012). Greenhouse Gas Modeling for Default Bioenergy Pathways Based on Herbaceous Agricultural Feedstocks. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.6065.61.2012, prepared for Council for Sustainable Biomass Production (CSBP).

Keesom, W. H., J. Blieszner, and S. Unnasch (2012). EU Pathway Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Crude Oils in a European Context. Prepared by Jacobs Engineering and Life Cycle Associates for Alberta Petroleum Marketing Commission (APMC).

Sanchez, S.T., J. Woods, M. Akhurst, M. Brander, M. O’Hare, T.P. Dawson, R. Edwards and A.J. Liska (2012). Accounting for Indirect Land Use Change in the Life Cycle Assessment of Biofuel Supply Chains. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, doi: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0769.

Unnasch, S. (2012). Critical Review of Used Oil Life Cycle Assessment Study: Goal and Scope Review.  Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.8034.58.2012, prepared for CalRecycle.

Broch, A., S.K. Hoekman, and S. Unnasch (2012). CRC Report No. E-88-2. Transportation Fuel Life Cycle Analysis: A Review of Indirect Land Use Change and Agricultural N2O Emissions. Prepared for Coordinating Research Council Project E-88-2.

Unnasch, S. (2011). Life Cycle GHG Analysis of Hawai`i Biomass to Electric Power Options. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.6053.56.2011, prepared for Hawai’i BioEnergy.

Unnasch, S. and L. Waterland (2011). Review of Life Cycle GHG Emissions from LPG Riding Mowers. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.6050.52C.2011, prepared for Propane Education and Research Council (PERC).

Riffel, B., and S. Unnasch (2011). Renewable Hydrocarbon Fuels for Military Applications, Final Report, Section 4: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment. Life Cycle Associates Report prepared  for the Ohio Aerospace Institute and the Air Force Research Lab.

Waterland, L., B. Riffel, and S. Unnasch (2011). Full Fuel Cycle Assessment Model: Model Documentation and Supporting Data 2011 Model Updates Final Report. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.8015.2h.2011, Draft Report, prepared for California Energy Commission.

Unnasch, S. (2011). CBI Life Cycle GHG Calculation. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.6034.41B_JBE.2010, prepared for Jamaica Broiler Ethanol.

Unnasch, S. (2011). Life Cycle GHG from Vitol Ethanol Dehydrator. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.6051.46B_Vitol_Gasohol_2011, prepared for Vitol.

Unnasch, S. et al. (2011). CRC Report No. E-88. Review of Transportation Fuel Life Cycle Analysis. Prepared for Coordinating Research Council Project E-88.

McCormick, J. and S. Unnasch (2011). Inventory of Fugitive Emissions from LPG Transfers in California. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.8026.42S.2011, prepared for Western Propane Gas Association.

Unnasch, S., J. McCormick, and B. Riffel (2010). Life Cycle Analysis for BioProcess Algae’s Renewable Diesel Production Process. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA.6027.35S.2010, prepared for BioProcess Algae.

Brandt, A.R. and S. Unnasch (2010). Energy Intensity and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery. Energy Fuels, 2010, 24(8), pp 4581–4589.

Unnasch, S., B. Riffel, and S. Mueller (2010). Assessment of RedOx Biofuels Ethanol Production Technology. Life Cycle Associates Report prepared for RedOx Biofuels.

Keesom, W. H., S. Unnasch, and J. Moretta (2009). Life Cycle Assessment Comparison of North American and Imported Crude Oils. Prepared by Jacobs Engineering and Life Cycle Associates for Alberta Energy Research Institute (AERI).

Riffel, B. and S. Unnasch (2009). Requirements for Developing a Low Carbon Fuel Standard for Northeast States. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA-6006-4P.2009, prepared for Northeast States Center for a Clean Air Future.

Unnasch, S. et al. (2009). Assessment of Life Cycle GHG Emissions Associated with Petroleum Fuels. Life Cycle Associates Report LCA-6004-3P, prepared for New Fuels Alliance.

Greene, D., P. Leiby, B. James, J. Perez, M. Melendez, A. Milbrandt, S. Unnasch, and M. Hooks (2008). Analysis of the Transition to Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles and Potential Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure Requirements. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report ORNL/TM-2008/30.

Unnasch, S., J. Kitowski, E. Tutt, O. Bartholomy, B. Blackburn, R. McCarthy, and D. Modisette (2005). Societal Benefits Topic Team Report. California 2010 Hydrogen Highway Network Blueprint Plan.

Powars, C., S. Unnasch, B. Blackburn et al. (2004). Hydrogen Fueling Station Guidelines. California Energy Commission, Consultant Report 600-04-002V1.

Wiesenberg, R. (2004). The European automotive industry and the Kyoto protocol. Dirección y progreso, Madrid, Spain, pp. 84-87, ISSN 0210-0908, Nº. 195.

EPRI (2002). Comparing the Benefits and Impacts of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Options. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA.

Perez, P., T. McDonald, M. McCormack, T. Peterson, and V. Tiangco (2001). Costs and Benefits of a Biomass-to-Ethanol Production Industry in California. California Energy Commission Report P500-01-002A.

Unnasch, S., L. Browning and E. Kassoy (2001). Refinement of Selected Fuel-Cycle Emissions Analyses. Final Report, ARB Contract 98-338.

Wiesenberg, R. (2000). Natural gas as transportation fuel – A new business opportunity for municipal utilities -A Scenario- Analysis for the utility swb AG. Hamburg, Germany ISBN-13: 978-3-8300-0205-5.

Unnasch, S., D. Coleman and R. Wiesenberg (1999). Heavy-Duty Hybrid Electric Vehicle Air Emissions Study. Final Report, prepared for Natural Resources Defense Council and CALSTART.

Perez, P., B. Blackburn, T. MacDonald, M. Scharff, and S. Unnasch (1999). Evaluation of Biomass to Ethanol Fuel Potential in California. California Energy Commission Report in Response to Executive Order D-5-99.

Unnasch, S. and V. Drünert (1999). Evaluation of Fuel Cell Reformer Emissions. Final Report, prepared for ARB under Contract 95-313.

Erdmann, G. and R. Wiesenberg (1998). Environmental legislation and alternative vehicle drive systems in California. ATZ/MTZ issue 5 , pp 7-10 Volume 100.

Unnasch, S., S. Huey and L. Browning (1996). Evaluation of Fuel Cycle Emissions on a Reactivity Basis. Prepared for ARB under Contract A166-134.

Coto, B. and R. Wiesenberg (1996). Vapor-liquid equilibrium of the methanol-tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE) system. Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft ISSN 0940-483X , vol. 100, no4, pp. 482-489.

Montano, M., S. Unnasch, P. Franklin, G. Nowell, C. Martin and E. Craig (1995). Reclamation of Automotive Batteries: Assessment of Health Impacts and Recycling Technology, Task 1 – Assessment of Recycling Technologies. Prepared for ARB under Contract A93-323.

Unnasch, S. (1994). Methanol Production from the Hynol Process – Facility, Safety, Permitting, and Materials Management Requirements. Prepared under EPA Contract 68-D2-0063, WA 1/044.

Unnasch, S. and D. Luscher (1992). Evaluation of Methanol Production from Waste Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen. In Proceedings of the 1992 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Research Symposium, Washington, D.C.

Unnasch, S. (1990). Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Corn-Based Ethanol Production and Vehicle Use. Prepared for National Corn Growers Association.

Unnasch S., C.B. Moyer, D.D. Lowell and Jackson M. D. (1989). Comparing the Impacts of Different Transportation Fuels on the Greenhouse Effect. California Energy Commission Report P500-89-001.